Fig. 3 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 3

From: Exposure of insects to current use pesticide residues in soil and vegetation along spatial and temporal distribution in agricultural sites

Fig. 3

Study area and layout of the field and meadow: The study was conducted in the southern Rhineland-Palatinate (blue star) in Germany between Bad Bergzabern (district Südliche Weinstraße) and Schwegenheim (district Germersheim). On each of the nine sites, a field and an adjacent meadow were studied. Soil and vegetation samples were taken 20 m from the field border in the cultivated area (field, yellow square) and at three distances (1, 5 and 20 m from the field border into the meadow) in the meadow (green square). For each sample three subsamples (blue, red and black dots) were taken with a 5-meter distance between them, leading to four samples per month and sample site. Samples were taken monthly from February 2021 to February 2022.

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