Table 1 Test functions.
Function | Name | Equation | Search Range |
|---|---|---|---|
\(F_1(x)\) | Sumsqu | \(F_1(x)= \sum \limits _{i=1}^{d} ix_i^2\) | [-100,100] |
\(F_2(x)\) | Sphere | \(F_2(x)= \sum \limits _{i=1}^{d} x_i^2\) | [-100,100] |
\(F_3(x)\) | Zakharov | \(F_3 (x)= \sum \limits _{i=1}^{d} x_i^2 + {(\sum \limits _{i=1}^{d} 0.5ix_i^2)}^2+{(\sum \limits _{i=1}^{d} 0.5ix_i^2)}^4\) | [-100,100] |
