Table 2 Sample entropy comparison between preoperative patients, postoperative patients and healthy control.

From: Vestibular patients generate more regular head movements than healthy individuals during gaze-stabilization exercises

  

a. Preoperative versus control

b. Postoperative versus control

c. Preoperative versus postoperative

 

VOR × 1 near

(1m distance, on the wall)

Yaw

*

 − 0.0147

***

 − 0.000799

ns

 − 0.0147

Continuous

Pitch

**

 − 0.00830

*

 − 0.0178

ns

 − 0.484

VOR × 1 near

(~ 1m distance, handheld)

Yaw

**

 − 0.00948

**

 − 0.00173

ns

 − 0.717

Pitch

ns

 − 0.161

ns

 − 0.0520

ns

 + 0.848

VOR × 1 far

(2m distance, on the wall)

Yaw

ns

 − 0.180

ns

 − 0.334

ns

 − 0.443

Pitch

*

 − 0.0128

ns

 − 0.0641

ns

 − 0.259

Visual target

(1m distance)

Yaw

ns

 − 0.933

ns

 − 0.492

ns

 + 0.629

Transient

Pitch

ns

 − 0.0576

*

 − 0.0197

ns

 + 0.540

Imaginary target

(1m distance)

Yaw

ns

 − 0.601

ns

 − 0.370

ns

 + 0.565

Pitch

ns

 − 0.810

ns

 − 0.484

ns

 + 0.709

Gaze shift

(1m distance)

Yaw

ns

 − 0.825

ns

 − 0.646

ns

 + 0.811

Pitch

ns

 + 0.654

ns

 − 0.648

ns

 + 0.436

  1. Asterisks indicate the differences at three significance levels (* for p < 0.05, ** for p < 0.01, *** for p < 0.001, ns for insignificant difference). Exact p values are shown with ± signs, where a positive sign (+) indicates that the first group has a higher mean SampEn value, and a negative sign (-) indicates that the second group has a higher mean.