Table 1 Model parameters and implications.
Parameters | Implications |
|---|---|
\(\Pi_{P}\) | Initial revenue for NEV manufacturers |
\(C_{P}\) | Costs of NEV manufacturers to adopt technological innovations |
\(\delta_{P}\) | Technology synergy benefit for NEV manufacturers |
\(d\) | Unit cost savings for battery manufacturers using technology innovations |
\(\gamma\) | Unit revenue increase rate for NEV manufacturers when choose strategy \(I\) |
\(\theta\) | Unit revenue increase rate for recyclers when choose strategy \(I\) |
\(\Pi_{R}\) | Initial revenue for recyclers |
\(C_{R}\) | Costs of recyclers to adopt technological innovations |
\(\delta_{R}\) | Technology synergy benefit for recyclers |
\(E\) | Additional revenue gained by battery recyclers from echelon utilization after adopting technological innovations |
\(K_{0}\) | Social reputation for recyclers’ technology innovation |
\(\alpha\) | Hitchhiking benefit coefficient of recyclers |
\(\beta\) \(\mu_{1}\) \(\mu_{2}\) | Hitchhiking benefit coefficient of NEV manufacturers Level of prosocial behavior of consumers when recyclers innovate technology Level of prosocial behavior of consumers when recyclers not innovate technology |
\(K_{G}\) | Government subsidies for technological innovations |
