Table 5 Simulation parameters.

Network parameters

Number of users (N)

50–200

Number of edge servers (M)

4–10

Channel bandwidth

20 MHz

Path loss exponent

2.8

Noise power

− 174 dBm/Hz

Carrier frequency

2.4 GHz

Coverage radius

100 m

User device

CPU frequency

1–2 GHz

Local computing power

0.5–1 W

Transmission power

0.1–0.5 W

Battery capacity

5000 mAh

Mobility speed

0–10 m/s

Edge server

Server CPU frequency

3.0 GHz

Server computing power

10–20 W

Server memory

16–32 GB

Maximum users per server

50

Task parameters

Input data size

0.1–5 MB

Required CPU cycles

1000–5000 Megacycles

Task deadline

100–500 ms

Task arrival rate

1–10 tasks/s

AI algorithm

DRL learning rate

0.001

Discount factor

0.95

Epsilon (ε-greedy)

0.1

Batch size

32

Memory size

10,000

GA population size

100

GA generations

50

FL aggregation rounds

10