Table 1 Estimation of the unknowns (H, D0), their standard deviations (σH, σD0), and the parameters of the error ellipse (a, B, θ°) for the year 4 BCE. Results obtained considering the hypothesis based on notches as day of year and both adjustment models (model 1: geomatic approach; model 2: pseudo-observations).

From: Augustus’ solar meridian functioning and the birth of the western leap year

notch meaning: days

Adjustment model

Model 1

Model 2

a

b

c

d

e

σd

0.005 m

0.005 m

0.005 m

0.005 m

σζ

0.001°

0.01°

0.1°

0.001°- 0.1°

H

31.171

31.148

31.138

31.154

σH

0.130

0.135

0.270

0.054

D0

14.942

14.933

14.932

14.940

σD0

0.062

0.066

0.147

0.030

a

0.144

0.150

0.307

0.062

b

0.0005

0.004

0.015

0.003

θ°

154.385°

154.129°

151.495°

150.612 -150.615°