Table 5 The comparison of the current study with other studies.

From: Bacterial acidic agents-assisted multi-elemental (Ni, Co, and Li) leaching of used lithium-ion batteries at high pulp densities

Microorganisms

Metal content of initial ULIBs (%w/w)

Pulp density (g/l)

Metal extraction (%)

Refs.

A. thiooxidans

Co: 15.9, Li: 2, Cu: 0.6, Mn: 0.07, and Ni: 0.038

PD: 2.5

Li: 22 and Co: 66

42

A. ferrooxidans

Unknown

PD:5

Li: 9 and Co: 65

46

A. thiooxidans

Li: 4.2 Mn: 20.5 Co: 15.6, and Ni: 15.0

PD: 10

Li: 95, Mn: 95, Co: 96, and Ni: 97

16

Mixed culture of A. caldus and S. thermosulfidooxidans

Li: 28.7 and Co: 35.2

PD:20

Li: 100 and Co: 99

47

Adapted A. ferrooxidans and A. thiooxidans

Co: 30.4, Li: 10.3, and Ni: 8.2

PD: 40

Li: 99.2, Co: 50.4, and Ni: 89.4

13

Bacillus foraminis

Cu: 0.11, Ni: 2.7, Li: 3.3, Co: 17.6, Mn: 24.8

PD: 10

Mn: 98, Cu: 68, Li: 41, Co: 25, and Ni: 16

48

Aspergillus niger

Mn: 22, Co: 17.1, Al: 9.45, Cu: 6.6, Ni: 2.8, and Li: 2.2

PD:10

Cu: 100, Li: 95, Mn: 70, Al: 65, Co: 45, and Ni: 38

49

A. thiooxidans

Co: 30.4, Li: 10.3, and Ni: 8.2

PD:50

Li: 92, Ni: 88, and Co: 78

This study

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