Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of the HC, PTB, T2DM, and PTB + T2DM study groups.

N

9

12

13

6

Gender

0.161

0.625

 Male

4(44.4)

10(83.3)

10(76.9)

6(100.0)

 Female

5(55.6)

2(16.7)

3(23.1)

0(0.0)

Tobacco consumption

0.640

1.000

 No

7(77.8)

7(58.3)

8(61.5)

4(66.7)

 Yes

2(22.2)

5(41.7)

5(38.5)

2(33.3)

Alcohol consumption

1.000

1.000

 No

8(88.9)

10(83.3)

10(76.9)

5(83.3)

 Yes

1(11.1)

2(16.7)

3(23.1)

1(16.7)

Hypertensive disease

1.000

1.000

 No

8(88.9)

10(83.3)

12(92.3)

6(100.0)

 Yes

1(11.1)

2(16.7)

1(7.7)

0(0.0)

History of cardiovascular disease

0.513

0.326

 No

9(100.0)

12(100.0)

13(100.0)

6(100.0)

Baseline characteristics

Age (years)

40.3 ± 7.7

39.8 ± 14.7

0.915

45.0 ± 12.6

41.0 ± 11.6

0.473

BMI

25.6(24.7,26.0)

25.1(21.0,26.1)

0.477

26.2 ± 2.0

25.8 ± 1.1

0.728

Weight (kg)

68.2 ± 10.6

68.0 ± 11.8

0.971

75.4 ± 8.6

74.0 ± 6.1

0.689

Systolic pressure

130.0(128.0,133.0)

131.0(126.8,136.5)

0.695

133.0 ± 5.4

130.7 ± 5.6

0.577

Diastolic pressure

74.0 ± 8.0

81.2 ± 9.7

0.084

74.4 ± 11.2

74.5 ± 6.1

0.951

White blood cell count

6.3(5.0,6.5)

6.4(5.4,7.6)

0.413

6.5 ± 1.7

7.1 ± 2.4

0.649

Neutrophile granulocyte

3.5(3.2,3.8)

4.2(3.3,5.0)

0.165

3.9 ± 1.2

4.5 ± 1.7

0.259

Mononuclear cell

0.4(0.4,0.5)

0.6(0.5,0.7)

0.036*

0.4(0.4,0.6)

0.7(0.5,0.8)

0.017*

Leukomonocyte

1.9 ± 0.5

1.6 ± 0.6

0.211

1.7(1.6,2.4)

1.6(1.3,1.8)

0.354

Eosinophilic granulocyte

0.09 ± 0.06

0.09 ± 0.06

0.984

0.08(0.06,0.20)

0.11(0.07,0.13)

0.756

Basophils

0.03(0.02,0.03)

0.03(0.02,0.03)

0.703

0.04 ± 0.02

0.04 ± 0.02

0.825

Red blood cell count

4.5 ± 0.6

4.9 ± 0.4

0.179

5.2(4.7,5.4)

5.2(4.9,5.4)

0.815

Blood platelet count

254.4 ± 51.1

290.2 ± 72.1

0.222

229.6 ± 55.7

263.0 ± 103.2

0.269

Biochemistry data

Serum creatinine

59.8 ± 13.4

60.3 ± 18.1

0.952

62.4 ± 10.2

56.4 ± 11.7

0.293

Total cholesterol

5.1 ± 0.6

4.5 ± 0.8

0.050

5.3 ± 1.4

4.8 ± 1.1

0.428

Low density lipoprotein

3.0 ± 0.8

3.1 ± 0.6

0.822

3.4 ± 1.1

3.3 ± 0.8

0.827

High-density lipoprotein

1.4 ± 0.2

1.1 ± 0.2

0.004*

1.3 ± 0.3

1.2 ± 0.3

0.683

Triglyceride

1.6 ± 0.7

1.3 ± 0.3

0.180

1.8(0.8,2.2)

1.7(1.3,2.0)

0.846

Fasting blood-glucose

5.4 ± 0.4

5.3 ± 0.5

0.763

11.6 ± 3.9

11.5 ± 3.4

0.789

Blood uric acid

316.2 ± 82.5

325.8 ± 59.8

0.760

353.9 ± 61.2

350.6 ± 100.6

0.923

Total bilirubin

11.0 ± 3.3

12.9 ± 6.2

0.418

12.2

(11.3,12.8)

8.4

(7.4,11.1)

0.042

Hemoglobin

134.1 ± 16.2

135.5 ± 20.3

0.868

154.8 ± 12.4

149.7 ± 17.5

0.516

Total protein

72.7(72.4,78.2)

69.4(45.7,72.4)

0.017*

72.0(67.5,77.8)

67.3(65.9,70.9)

0.128

Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase

36.5 ± 18.2

25.4 ± 16.9

0.167

33.4 ± 10.8

17.0 ± 4.6

0.002*

Glutamic oxalacetic transaminase

30.8 ± 10.5

23.1 ± 8.6

0.081

22.0(18.9,39.0)

13.3(12.9,18.4)

0.014*

Alkaline phosphatase

70.1 ± 28.7

92.7 ± 30.6

0.101

105.5 ± 23.6

97.4 ± 20.8

0.653

Glutamyltransferase

38.8(26.6,45.1)

33.5(19.3,57.2)

0.831

32.6(22.2,53.6)

47.5(29.8,70.8)

0.177

Lactic dehydrogenase

175.1 ± 28.1

196.2 ± 35.8

0.160

167.0 ± 21.1

159.4 ± 33.3

0.558

Statistical analysis was conducted using R software (version 4.2.2). Normality of the data was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. For normally distributed data, inter-group comparisons were performed using the independent samples t-test, and results are presented as mean ± SD. For non-normally distributed variables, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was applied and results are presented as median values (interquartile range). Categorical variables were compared between groups using the chi-square test. A significance level of *P ≤ 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.