Table 2 Control strategies for PV grid integration: summary of reported THD and key findings.
References | Year | Control strategy | Voltage condition | THD reported | Key findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2023 | Hybrid active power filter (HAPF) vs. distribution static compensator (D-STATCOM) and P&O-MPPT | Balanced grid voltage | 5.71% (DSTATCOM) 1.91% (HAPF) | HAPF outperformed D-STATCOM in THD reduction | |
2024 | Hysteresis current control vs. sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) control | Balanced grid voltage | 4.56% | SPWM generally outperformed Hysteresis control, but an optimized hysteresis band improved its effectiveness in specific cases | |
2023 | Adaptive THD control based on irradiance levels and P&O-MPPT | Balanced grid voltage | 5.50% | Mitigated THD fluctuations with changing irradiance, improving stability | |
2022 | Hysteresis with dynamic fixed carrier exchange algorithm (DFCEA) & INC-MPPT | Balanced grid voltage | < 5.00% | Consistent switching and significant THD reduction | |
2025 | Indirect current control (ICC) + ANN-based adaptive control & ANN-MPPT | Balanced grid voltage | 3.20% | Optimized performance under variable loads with significant THD reduction | |
2024 | ANN-PID hybrid controller and perturb & observe with ANN optimization | Balanced grid voltage | 3.36% | AI-based tuning enhanced THD reduction and system stability | |
2024 | Current Limiting control strategy | Unbalanced grid voltage | < 5% | Ensured stable operation under both normal and faulted grid conditions using a stationary reference frame | |
2024 | VSS-LMS adaptive filter-based PLL-less scheme | Unbalanced grid voltage | 5.62% | Demonstrated faster convergence and robust harmonic rejection, improving power quality in practical grid scenarios | |
This paper | Indirect current control strategy + P&O MPPT | Balanced and unbalanced PCC/grid voltage | 3.03–5.58% (Balanced PCC voltage); 3.95–5.93% (Unbalanced PCC voltage) | Achieved effective THD reduction across varying PCC voltages, enhancing power quality | |
