Table 2 Identification of risk factors for prevalent mitral annular calcification.
Unadjusted | Multivariable adjusteda | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value |
Age (per 10 years) | 1.09 (1.06–1.012) | < 0.001 | 1.07 (1.05–1.09) | < 0.001 |
Sex | ||||
Male | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 0.74 | 0.97 (0.93–1.02) | 0.21 |
Female | referent | referent | ||
BMI (per 5 kg/m2) | 1.04 (1.01–1.06) | 0.03 | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 0.04 |
Smoking | 0.99 (0.96–1.01) | 0.24 | ||
Diabetes | 1.11 (1.05–1.17) | < 0.001 | 1.08 (1.02–1.14) | < 0.01 |
Hypertension | 1.07 (1.03–1.11) | < 0.01 | ||
Dyslipidemia | 1.10 (0.96–1.06) | 0.71 | ||
Glucose-lowering medications | 1.12 (1.06–1.18) | < 0.001 | ||
Antihypertensive medications | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | < 0.01 | ||
Lipid-lowering medications | 1.07 (1.01–1.13) | 0.02 | ||
SBP (per 10 mmHg) | 1.06 (1.04–1.08) | < 0.001 | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | < 0.01 |
DBP (per 10 mmHg) | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.98 | ||
HR (per 10 beats/min) | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.37 | ||
WBC count (per 109/L) | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | 0.32 | ||
HbA1c (per 1%) | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | < 0.01 | ||
LDL-C (per 10 mg/dL) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.05 | ||
Triglycerides (per 10 mg/dL) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.29 | ||
eGFR (per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.96 (0.95–0.98) | < 0.001 | ||
Calcium (per 1 mg/dL) | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 0.95 | ||
Phosphate (per 1 mg/dL) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 0.53 | ||
hs-CRP (per 1 mg/dL) | 1.01 (0.95–1.08) | 0.71 | ||
LVEF (per 10%) | 0.98 (0.95–1.02) | 0.37 | ||
LVEDV (per 10 ml) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.58 | ||
LVMI (per 10 g/m2) | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | < 0.001 | ||
LAVI (per 5 ml/m2) | 1.06 (1.03–1.09) | < 0.001 | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 0.02 |
MR severity | ||||
none/trivial | referent | |||
mild/moderate/severe | 1.02 (0.97–1.08) | 0.45 | ||
Septal E/e’ (per 1) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | < 0.001 | ||
Septal E/e’ > 15 | 1.31 (1.13–1.51) | < 0.001 | ||
TR Vmax (per 1 m/s) | 1.12 (1.02–1.23) | 0.02 | ||
