Table 5 Population growth parameters (Means ± SE) of the first generation produced by Phthorimaea absoluta treated with LC50 concentration of trans-anethole (TAL), Foeniculum vulgare pure essential oil (FVO), and FVO-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (FVO-NLC) in comparison with control. Means within a row followed by different letters are significantly different (paired bootstrap at 5% significance level). * = There was no significant difference between NLC sample prepared without FVO loading and distilled water–ethanol mixture, as controls.
Population growth parameters | Control* | FVO | FVO-NLC | TAL |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Intrinsic rate of increase (r) (day−1) | 0.151 ± 0.004a | 0.129 ± 0.003b | 0.109 ± 0.004c | 0.122 ± 0.003b |
Net reproductive rate (R0) (offspring/individual) | 78.467 ± 8.054a | 49.667 ± 4.981b | 30.427 ± 3.229d | 38.373 ± 4.0459c |
Finite rate of population increase (λ) (day−1) | 1.163 ± 0.004a | 1.139 ± 0.004b | 1.115 ± 0.003c | 1.130 ± 0.004b |
Growth reproductive rate (GRR) (offspring) | 84.150 ± 8.228a | 57.91 ± 5.099b | 39.860 ± 3.442d | 48.130 ± 4.236c |
Mean generation time (T) (day) | 28.887 ± 0.167c | 30.079 ± 0.192b | 31.411 ± 0.222a | 29.830 ± 0.1999b |
