Table 3 Average PSNR, SSIM and NCC values with varying \(\beta\).

From: A robust fragile watermarking approach for image tampering detection and restoration utilizing hybrid transforms

\(\beta\) Values

PSNR

SSIM

NCC

0.02

46.87

0.9991

0.9798

0.03

46.11

0.9989

0.9821

0.04

45.52

0.9987

0.9857

0.05

44.76

0.9895

0.9765

0.06

44.21

0.9826

0.9685

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