Table 4 NCC values of the extracted watermarks from the 15 watermarked images with Salt & Pepper Attack (0.01 to 0.05 Density).

From: A robust fragile watermarking approach for image tampering detection and restoration utilizing hybrid transforms

Image/ S & P noise

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

House

0.9321

0.9205

0.8752

0.8526

0.7528

Mandril

0.9489

0.9157

0.8965

0.8517

0.7538

Peppers

0.9453

0.8498

0.8350

0.8025

0.7957

Lake

0.9085

0.8851

0.8587

0.8004

0.7601

Jet plane

0.8908

0.8682

0.8438

0.7961

0.7560

Boat

0.8922

0.8655

0.8319

0.7938

0.7816

Tulips

0.9226

0.8303

0.8343

0.7940

0.7688

Pirate

0.9050

0.8198

0.8010

0.7810

0.7762

Blonde

0.9359

0.8797

0.8569

0.8151

0.7843

Livingroom

0.9259

0.8757

0.8269

0.8051

0.7643

Walkbridge

0.9159

0.8697

0.8169

0.7851

0.7643

Woman_darkhair

0.9359

0.8757

0.8269

0.7951

0.7643

Clock

0.9059

0.8597

0.8269

0.7851

0.7643

Chemical Plant

0.9259

0.8797

0.8369

0.7951

0.7643

Walter Cronkite

0.9159

0.8657

0.8269

0.7951

0.7643

Average

0.8953

0.8867

0.8646

0.8565

0.7923