Fig. 4 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 4

From: Identification of causal plasma metabolite biomarkers for ischemic stroke using Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis

Fig. 4

Causal effects of five risk factors on IS outcomes. MR analyses of the effect of risk factors on stroke outcomes. GWAS data of IS risk factors from the IEU databases. Primary MR estimates were calculated using the inverse-variance weighted method under multiplicative random effects. BMI, HDL, SBP, DBP, and T2D demonstrated positive correlations with IS, identifying them as risk factors. BMI body mass index, HDL high-density lipoprotein, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, T2D type 2 diabetes.

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