Table 3 Comparison of latency in different federated learning schemes.

From: Quantization-based chained privacy-preserving federated learning

Scheme

Local Latency

Global Latency

Communication Latency

FedAvg

\(T_{\text {local}}\)

\(T_{\text {global}}\)

\(T_{\text {comm, up}}\)

Chain-PPFL

\(T_{\text {local, c}}\) (\(\uparrow\))

\(T_{\text {global, c}}\) (\(\downarrow\))

\((K - 1)\times T_{\text {comm, nb}}+T_{\text {comm, up}}\)

Q-Chain FL

\(T_{\text {local, q}}\) (\(\downarrow\))

\(T_{\text {global, q}}\) (\(\uparrow\))

\((K - 1)\times T_{\text {comm, k}}+T_{\text {comm, up2}}\)