Fig. 1

This study first employed a network pharmacology approach to identify therapeutic targets for NSCLC and Isorhapontigenin. Key targets were then subjected to bioinformatics analyses, including KEGG and GO enrichment analyses, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction, and molecular docking, along with preliminary validation through immunohistochemistry and patient overall survival analysis. Finally, in vitro cellular experiments such as CCK-8 and RT-qPCR were performed to further validate the efficacy and mechanisms of Isorhapontigenin in NSCLC treatment.