Fig. 6

Windward area density of Nanhu District, Jiaxing City. Processed using Global Mapper 16.0.5 (https://www.bluemarblegeo.com) for DSM-DEM elevation extraction and MATLAB R2019b (https://www.mathworks.com) for building height calculation and FAD computation. Analysis performed with grid resolutions of 50–100 m based on dominant wind directions from local wind rose diagrams.