Fig. 1

Study design. (a) Timeline of finger tapping video recording time points presented in chronological order. (b) Process of motion parameter extraction from finger tapping videos: (left) 3D hand pose reconstruction and prediction of 21 hand keypoints using Mesh Graphormer; (right) time series signal of finger tapping with detected peaks and troughs marked as red dots; (far-right) variations in distance, speed, and acceleration throughout a cycle of finger closing, opening, and then closing, scaled to facilitate understanding. (c) Prediction of MDS-UPDRS Part 3 finger tapping score using machine learning models. (d) Statistical analyses comparing motion parameters across four states.