Table 8 Robustness test results.
Variables | Substitute dependent variable | Alter measurement method | Exclude four direct-controlled municipalities |
|---|---|---|---|
DE | 0.982*** (6.37) | 0.098*** (2.86) | |
DE2 | 0.411*** (3.03) | ||
IC | 0.204 (1.39) | − 0.146*** (− 3.19) | − 0.154*** (− 3.31) |
UL | − 8.333*** (− 4.42) | − 0.140 (− 0.35) | − 0.496 (− 1.41) |
OPE | 0.067 (0.17) | 0.382*** (3.26) | 0.247** (2.39) |
GOV | − 0.993* (− 1.71) | − 0.186 (− 1.04) | 0.158 (1.11) |
UGC | 1.008 (0.91) | 0.191 (0.51) | 0.972*** (2.65) |
HCL | − 26.205** (− 2.04) | 3.351 (0.88) | − 1.616 (− 0.45) |
Constant | 4.416*** (3.97) | 0.904*** (3.52) | 0.769*** (3.45) |
Year fixed | Y | Y | Y |
Region fixed | Y | Y | Y |
N | 300 | 300 | 260 |
R2 | 0.627 | 0.455 | 0.655 |
