Fig. 2
Associations of genetically predicted oxidative stress-related gene expression with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in Mendelian randomization analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from the SMR analysis. The horizontal bars denote the ORs (x-axis), where values greater than 1 indicate a positive association with IPF risk, and values less than 1 indicate a protective effect. P-value indicates the nominal significance level from SMR.P-value (Multi) refers to the p-value adjusted for multiple testing. PPH4 is the posterior probability that the same causal variant influences both gene expression and IPF risk; values above 0.5 are considered supportive of colocalization (marked with an asterisk “*”).
