Fig. 5
Manhattan plot for associations between oxidative stress-related gene molecular features and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Manhattan plot for oxidative stress-related gene methylation (A), expression (B) and protein abundance (C). Each point represents a genetic variant associated with a molecular trait (methylation, expression, or protein level), plotted by chromosomal position (x-axis) and –log10(p-value) from the SMR test (y-axis). The dashed orange line indicates the SMR multi-test significance threshold (p = 0.05). Significant loci, including FOXO1 and NDUFA9, are highlighted with annotations showing probe IDs or Ensembl gene IDs. These consistent associations across omics layers suggest potential causal relationships with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
