Table 5 Detailed description of Tow-Thomas filter circuit single fault modes.

From: Enhanced analog circuit fault diagnosis via continuous wavelet transform and dual-stream convolutional fusion

Fault type

Fault mode

Nominal value

Tolerance range

Fault value

F00

NF

–

–

–

F01

C1↓

5 nF

10%

3.5 nF

F02

C1↑

5 nF

10%

6.5 nF

F03

C2↓

5 nF

10%

3.5 nF

F04

C2↑

5 nF

10%

6.5 nF

F05

R3↓

2 kΩ

5%

1.65 kΩ

F06

R3↑

2 kΩ

5%

2.35 kΩ

F07

R4↓

2 kΩ

5%

1.65 kΩ

F08

R4↑

2 kΩ

5%

2.35 kΩ

F09

R5↓

2 kΩ

5%

1.65 kΩ

F10

R5↑

2 kΩ

5%

2.35 kΩ

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