Table 1 Weights for threat factors of the study area.

From: Spatio-temporal evolution and coupling relationship between biodiversity and urbanization in the areas along the Yellow River of Shandong province

Threat

Maximum distance (km)

Weight

Decay

Cropland

1

0.6

Liner

Multi-storey and above buildings

10

1

Exponential

Low-rise building

6

0.7

Exponential

Railways and roads

5

0.5

Linear

Other construction land

3

1

Exponential