Fig. 5

Pseudotemporal analysis of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAFs) subpopulations across different cancer types. The pseudotemporal trajectory analysis using “monocle” reveals that the iCAF subpopulation is at the initial stage of differentiation, while the myCAF subpopulation is at the late stage in both BC (A) and CC (B) samples. (C) In contrast to BC and CC, the differentiation trend in OC samples shows an opposite sequence, with the proCAF subpopulation at the early stage, followed by differentiation into myCAF and a small portion of matCAF.