Fig. 5
The AMPK/ULK1/FUNDC1 signaling pathway is required for the M2-exos-induced mitophagy and inhibition ferroptosis in OGD/R-exposed HT-22 cells. HT-22 cells were cultured under the conditions: normal (control), OGD/R (OGD), OGD/R + 40 µg/mL M2-exos (M2-exos), pretreated with Dorsomorphin (Dor, 10 mM), or SBI-0206965 (SBI, 10 µM) followed by M2-exos treatment. After 24 h of treatment, the expression levels of p-AMPK, AMPK, p-ULK1, ULK1, p-FUNDC1, FUNDC1, TIMM23, TOMM20, LC3B-II, SLC7A11, GPX4 and NCOA4 were detected by western blot (A), cell viability was determined by the CCK-8 assay (B), the MDA, GSH and iron levels in each group were detected by specific kit, respectively (C–E). **p < 0.01 compared with control group; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 compared with OGD group; &p < 0.05, &&p < 0.01 compared with M2-exos group.
