Table 2 Clinical outcomes, awake surgery versus non-awake surgery for insular glioma.

From: Potential predictors of awake surgery failure for insular glioma

Outcome

Surgical resection,

N = 24

AS group,

N = 13

NAS group,

N = 11

p

Residual tumor volume (cm3)

Ā Ā Ā 

0.015

Median

12.9

2.2

41.4

Ā 

Range

0–95.3

0–95.3

2.1–72.3

Ā 

EOR (%)

Ā Ā Ā 

0.004

Median

78.5

87.7

58.0

Ā 

Range

13.1–100

39.1–100

13.1–90.1

Ā 

Additional resection after iMRI

10 (41.7%)

6 (46.2%)

4 (36.4%)

0.70

Ischemic complication

3 (12.5%)

2 (15.4%)

1 (9.1%)

1.0

Hemorrhagic complication

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1.0

Deterioration of KPS at discharge

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1.0

Postoperative transient neurological deficits

4 (16.7%)

2 (15.4%)

2 (18.2%)

1.0

Postoperative permanent neurological deficits

0%

0%

0%

1.0

  1. AS awake surgery, EOR extent of resection, iMRI intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging, KPS Karnofsky performance status, NAS non-awake surgery.