Table 1 Results of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of drought, PEN and their interaction (drought × PEN) in Crocus sativus L. Leaf, for protein, POX, PPO, CAT, SOD, phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, DPPH, anthocyanins, H2O2, carbohydrates, proline, MDA, Chl a, b, and total Chl, carotenoid, and RWC.

From: Pivotal role of fibrous roots in drought tolerance of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and mitigation of oxidative stress by penconazole

Dependent variables

Independent variables

Drought

PEN

Drought × PEN

Fresh weight

6765.148 ***

2117.033 ***

4446.775 ***

Dry weight

7,845,451 ***

5692918.75 ***

4003718.75 ***

Protein

51.673 ***

64.786 ***

7.837 ***

POX

31.183 ***

0.718 ns

35.791 ***

PPO

59.401 ***

6.359 **

9.499 ***

CAT

11.997 ***

30.905 ***

3.988 *

SOD

72.748 ***

13.071 ***

30.726 ***

Phenolics

2680.014 ***

23849.717 ***

8695.696 ***

Flavonoids

1343.635 ***

1142.442 ***

1170.051 ***

Flavonols

4987.02 ***

1454.018 ***

2871.462 ***

DPPH

9.441 ***

7.081 **

25.402 ***

Anthocyanins

11.354 ***

20.771 ***

73.13 ***

H2O2

332.979 ***

564.782 ***

426.248 ***

Carbohydrates

71.905 ***

36.086 ***

209.322 ***

Proline

398.468 ***

24.968 ***

110.371 ***

MDA

148.873 ***

25.391 ***

80.773 ***

Chla

9162.237 ***

8398.985 ***

1976.471 ***

Chlb

1392.097 ***

785.963 ***

140.54 ***

ChlT

2894.901 ***

2128.966 ***

431.753 ***

Carotenoids

226.008 ***

198.222 ***

141.03 ***

RWC

6.989 **

25.884 ***

23.281 ***

  1. Numbers represent F value.
  2. ns not significant.
  3. * P ≤ 0.05.
  4. ** P ≤ 0.01.
  5. *** P ≤ 0.001.
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