Fig. 4

Microbial alpha diversity in all three water flow scenarios and the inflow. (A) Venn diagram showing the number of ASVs (that is, richness) for inflow (1047), CWSslow (629), CWSfast (719), and IWSfast (916). Second order hill number2D) from (B) 16 S rRNA gene metabarcoding, and (C) flow cytometry fingerprinting data. The box bounds the interquartile range (25th and 75th) divided by the median, and Tukey-style whiskers extend to a maximum of 1.5 times the IQR beyond the box. Asterisks (** and ****) indicate significance (p ≤ 0.0001) in terms of p-values of Games-Howell post hoc grouping.