Fig. 6

Bray-Curtis dissimilarity indices in bulk water samples collected from CWSslow, CWSfast and IWSfast, compared to the inflowing water from (A) 16S rRNA metabarcoding (i.e., Sequencing) and (B) flow cytometric fingerprinting. Decreasing dissimilarity over time (after an initial peak) indicates reduced microbial communities and detached biofilms during the turbulent supply of both IWS and CWS and that the microbial water quality resembles that of laminar CWSslow after 60–80 s. Dots represent replicate samples taken during IWSfast, CWSfast and CWSslow with whiskers indicating the standard deviation between replicates analysis. Shaded areas (grey, red, and blue) indicate the 95% confidence interval of the model.