Table 3 Results of Poisson regression analyses with robust error variance showing the association between overall CVH levels and study outcomes.

From: Synergistic effects of cardiovascular health and social isolation on adverse pregnancy outcomes

 

CVH

Crude

Adjusted

Levels

RR [95% CI]

P for trend

RR [95% CI]

P for trend

APOs

High

Reference

 < 0.001

Reference

 < 0.001

Moderate

1.17 [1.05–1.31]

1.15 [1.03–1.28]

Low

2.28 [1.90–2.74]

2.14 [1.78–2.58]

PE

High

Reference

 < 0.001

Reference

 < 0.001

Moderate

2.02 [1.52–2.68]

1.91 [1.44–2.53]

Low

7.22 [5.08–10.27]

6.53 [4.57–9.32]

GDM

High

Reference

 < 0.001

Reference

 < 0.001

Moderate

2.22 [1.54–3.19]

2.15 [1.49–3.10]

Low

9.18 [5.94–14.20]

8.27 [5.32–12.87]

PTB

High

Reference

 < 0.001

Reference

0.003

Moderate

1.25 [1.02–1.54]

1.23 [1.00–1.51]

Low

1.98 [1.38–2.84]

1.86 [1.29–2.69]

SGA

High

Reference

0.026

Reference

0.017

Moderate

0.85 [0.73–0.99]

0.84 [0.72–0.98]

Low

0.78 [0.53–1.14]

0.75 [0.51–1.10]

LGA

High

Reference

 < 0.001

Reference

 < 0.001

Moderate

1.26 [1.10–1.45]

1.24 [1.07–1.42]

Low

2.40 [1.90–3.02]

2.32 [1.83–2.93]

LBW

High

Reference

0.744

Reference

0.876

Moderate

1.02 [0.88–1.18]

0.99 [0.86–1.15]

Low

1.05 [0.76–1.44]

0.98 [0.71–1.36]

NICU admission

High

Reference

 < 0.001

Reference

0.002

Moderate

1.34 [1.08–1.65]

1.28 [1.03–1.59]

Low

1.98 [1.36–2.88]

1.82 [1.24–2.66]

  1. CVH cardiovascular health, APOs adverse pregnancy outcomes, RR risks ratio, CI confidence interval, PE preeclampsia, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, PTB preterm birth, SGA small for gestational age, LGA large for gestational age, LBW low birth weight, NICU neonatal intensive care unit.
  2. RRs and 95% CIs were estimated using Poisson regression analyses with robust error variance with high CVH levels used as a reference.
  3. Maternal age at conception, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, conception via in vitro fertilization, parity, psychological distress during pregnancy, social isolation during pregnancy, and household income were included in the adjusted models.
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