Fig. 5

PCA analysis represents the overall variance between the metabolites identified in the extracts of leaves from eight quinoa accessions. PCA is a technique used to reduce the dimensionality of data while preserving as much information as possible. The figure is divided into four parts labeled A, B, C, and D, representing the overall variability of metabolites in ETDW, ET, EA, and HE extracts, respectively. The first and second principal components, PC1 and PC2, are plotted on the graph. PC1 represents the direction of the most significant variation in the data, while PC2 represents the second most significant direction, orthogonal to PC1.