Fig. 5
From: Accuracy of the HeartMate 3 Left Ventricular Assist Device Flow Estimation

Behavior of flow (estimated (Qest) and measured (Qmeas)), torque-generating-current (IT) and speed during dynamic identification with a sine shaped flow at 96 bpm–1.6 Hz: At a flow rate of around 6 L/min and IT values around 818 mA, IT decreases regardless of the continuing increase in Qmeas. Despite the IT signal not reflecting the peak flows, Qest overestimates Qmeas by 0.83 L/min, this can be explained by the fact that most of the flowrange at 6000 rpm is overestimated as visible in the static characteristics.