Fig. 1

Ferroptosis played an important role in blue light-induced damage of ARPE-19 cells. Blue light (BL) or ferroptosis inducer Erastin-treated ARPE-19 cells with or without ferroptosis inhibitor DFO exposure for 24 h, (A) cell survival and death were detected through live/dead staining. PI for dead cells and Calcein AM for live cells. Scale bar: 100 μm. DMSO treatment alone was used as a control. (B) Quantitative results of the cell viability for the statistical analysis by counting the live and dead cells using ImageJ software. n = 3, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, **p < 0.01, data presented as mean ± SD. (C) CCK-8 analysis of cell viability by measuring the optical density of each well at 450 nm (O.D./450 nm) in each group. n = 3, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, **p < 0.01, data presented as mean ± SD. (D) Protein expression level of the ferroptosis markers, GPX4 and ACSL4, and (E) their relative protein quantitation. n = 3, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, **p < 0.01, data presented as mean ± SD. Original blots are presented in Supplementary Fig. 5. (F) KEGG enrichment analysis^34,35,36 identified the most significantly influenced pathways in response to blue light treatment. Copyright permission of KEGG pathway maps has been obtained.