Table 2 Input variables for nicardipine model development.

From: A PBPK modeling approach for personalized dose optimization of nicardipine in renal and hepatic dysfunction

Parameters

Incorporated value

References

Physicochemical characteristics

 Molecular wt. (g/mol)

479.5

44

 pKa

8.1

45

 Plasma protein binding

Albumin

46

 Water solubility at pH 7 (mg/ml)

7.9

20

 Log P (log units)

3.5

47

Absorption

 Intestinal permeability (specific) (cm/s)

7.60 × 10− 6

48

Distribution

 Cellular permeability model

PK Sim Standard

 

 Partition coefficient model

Rodgers and Rowland

 

 Specific organ permeability (cm/min)

0.3

Optimized

 Unbound drug fraction (fu)

0.004

49,50

Disposition (metabolism and elimination)

 Hepatic clearance (mL/min/kg)

11.8a

27

 Renal clearance (mL/min/kg)

4b

27

  1. Log P lipophilicity, pKa acid-dissociation constant.
  2. aThe model employs a value of 0.71, expressed in L/h/kg, bThe model employs a value of 0.24, expressed in L/h/kg.
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