Fig. 2
No substantial alteration in biofilm composition after application of antibacterial agents. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) staining of multispecies biofilms, which were co-cultivated with 3D tissues and treated with different antibacterial agents or water as a control. (a) Representative overlay images of FISH-stained multispecies biofilm. The individual bacteria were stained with 16S rRNA FISH probes: S. oralis—blue; A. naeslundii—green; V. dispar—yellow; P. gingivalis—red. Arrows indicate the respective species. Scale bars: 50 µm. (b) Tukey box plot shows the percentage volume proportion of each bacterial species in the multispecies biofilm. Data represent six biofilms for each condition, with four measurements per sample. Statistical significance was determined using two-way ANOVA. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
