Table 9 Granger causality test.

From: Spatial differences and formation mechanisms of innovation ecosystem dynamic operational efficiency along the yellow river

Equation

Excluded

Upper

Middle

Lower

Chi2

Prob

Chi2

Prob

Chi2

Prob

H_TFP

H_TECH

0.1674

0.920

2.1343

0.344

9.6355

0.022**

H_TFP

H_EFF

0.1586

0.924

0.8983

0.638

6.5641

0.087*

H_TECH

H_TFP

0.4014

0.818

7.8278

0.020**

9.1069

0.028**

H_TECH

H_EFF

0.4589

0.795

8.6266

0.013**

8.4286

0.038**

H_EFF

H_TFP

0.2950

0.863

3.3470

0.188

9.6899

0.021**

H_EFF

H_TECH

0.3031

0.859

4.6738

0.097**

10.584

0.014**

  1. Notes: *, ** and *** indicate statistical significance at the 10%, 5% and 1% level respectively.
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