Table 5 Model (CNN-GRU) cross-validation with CT-Scan images data set.

From: Developing an innovative lung cancer detection model for accurate diagnosis in AI healthcare systems

Parameters

Metrics(%)

Optimizer

Lr

Ac

Sp

Sn

Pr

FS

SGD

0.0001

98.97

97.40

99.20

96.64

99.76

ADAM

–

99.68

99.78

99.86

99.90

99.94