Fig. 3

Climate, environmental and radiocarbon data from the Canary Islands. (a) Reconstructed air temperatures from GISP2 ice cores44; (b) reconstructed surface sea temperatures (SSTs) from δ18O values of the margins of archaeological Patella candei shells from the Canary Islands45; (c) time series of different environmental proxies normalized from 0 to 1 derived from core samples from the Islands of La Gomera (LG) and Gran Canaria (GC)46; (d) number of archaeological sites and radiocarbon dates in 200-y intervals (Table S3); (e) SPDs of radiocarbon dates from the Canarian archipelago (200-y moving average). The violet line represents the calibrated unbinned radiocarbon dates, whereas the orange line corresponds to the radiocarbon dates grouped into 50-y bins; yellow shaded areas highlight warmer periods (the Roman Warm Period and the Medieval climate oscillation).