Fig. 6
From: PTPN2 inhibits TG-induced ERS-initiated TNBC apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway
A schematic diagram of the regulatory mechanism by which PTPN2 inhibits TG-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and subsequent cell apoptosis. PTPN2 inhibits the activation of the IRE1-XBP1 and PERK/EIF2α/ATF-4 signaling pathways by preventing the phosphorylation of IRE1, PERK, and EIF2α, and TG-induced ER stress and subsequent cell apoptosis through the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis and ROS production. PTPN2 inhibits TG-induced cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway (with CHOP, AMPK, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio being key factors); PTPN2 activates protective mechanisms against TG-induced apoptosis during the process of autophagy.
