Table 4 Results of follow-up analysis summarising the values of nine HLQ scales representing the various sociodemographic groups of subjects in the study.

From: Investigating health literacy and sociodemographic factors in college students

IV/DV

HPS

HSI

AMH

SS

CA

AE

NHS

FHI

UHI

Gender

 Male

2.856

2.702

2.912

3.038

2.709

3.712

3.462

3.581

3.596

 Female

3.063

2.675

2.739

3.219

2.86

3.54

3.406

3.446

3.522

 P-value

0.05

0.753

0.064

0.029

0.084

0.099

0.592

0.175

0.423

 ES

− 0.319

0.051

0.301

− 0.354

− 0.281

0.268

0.086

0.22

0.13

Health Insurance

 Yes

3.101

2.734

2.801

3.238

2.872

3.633

3.502

3.543

3.604

 No

2.642

2.5

2.727

2.927

2.632

3.405

3.117

3.272

3.355

 P-value

2.5e − 05

7.8e − 3

0.454

3.3e − 4

8.4e − 3

0.036

3.3e − 4

9.7e − 3

0.01

 ES

0.738

0.459

0.128

0.624

0.455

0.36

0.625

0.446

0.444

On-campus gym

 Yes

3.045

2.798

3.019

3.24

2.856

3.702

3.521

3.553

3.647

 No

2.969

2.583

2.577

3.111

2.794

3.487

3.333

3.428

3.462

 P-value

0.411

2.9e − 3

1.8e − 8

0.076

0.419

0.017

0.036

0.151

0.022

 ES

0.116

0.426

0.831

0.253

0.115

0.34

0.3

0.204

0.328

Family Income

 G1

2.456

2.382

2.706

2.765

2.671

3.424

3.167

3.271

3.494

 G2

2.725

2.481

2.555

3.16

2.635

3.365

3.179

3.36

3.445

 G3

3.144

2.771

2.855

3.22

2.889

3.664

3.514

3.544

3.586

P-value

 G1 vs. G2

0.158

0.518

0.328

0.012

0.844

0.755

0.95

0.633

0.775

 G1 vs. G3

1e − 5

2.2e − 3

0.319

7.2e − 4

0.086

0.137

0.027

0.078

0.525

 G2 vs. G3

1.6e − 4

1.1e − 3

3.1e − 3

0.485

6.8e − 3

8e − 3

2.1e − 3

0.09

0.169

ES

 G1 vs. G2

− 0.414

− 0.188

0.286

− 0.743

0.057

0.091

− 0.018

− 0.139

0.083

 G1 vs. G3

1.166

0.796

0.257

0.885

0.443

0.384

0.574

0.455

0.164

 G2 vs. G3

− 0.689

− 0.592

− 0.536

− 0.125

− 0.49

− 0.48

− 0.557

− 0.305

− 0.247

  1. HPS Feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers, HSI Having sufficient information to manage my health, AMH Actively managing my health, SS Social support for health, CA Appraisal of health information, AE Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers, NHS Navigating the healthcare system, FHI Ability to find good health information, UHI Understanding health information well enough to know what to do.
  2. ES stands for effect size and was computed using Cohen’s D metric, and P-value represents the result of a two-tailed t-test between the respective groups. G1, G2, and G3 stand for Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3, respectively, of family income.
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