Table 6 The concentrations of trace elements content in the test sample (Ptest) were determined using the CF-Ps-LIPS developed method, which considered plasma parameters fitting equations (plasma electron density and electron temperature) compared to the concentrations by ICP-OES.

From: Calibration-free picosecond LIPS for quantifying heavy metals in soils near Egyptian industrial sites

Element

Concentration measured by ICP (ppm)

Unknown Concentration Calculations

(S1)

Ne

Te

Cd

69.62

65.02 ± 0.93%

75.80 ± 1%

Zn

145.33

136.94 ± 0.94%

138.66 ± 0.95%

Fe

61.67

61.27 ± 0.99%

61.27 ± 0.99%

Ni

149.53

149.87 ± 1%

149.87 ± 1%