Table 1 Grouping based on the pathogenic mechanism.

From: Protein expression of sialolith with antrolith and tonsillolith examined by immunohistochemistry and immunoprecipitation based high performance liquid chromatography

Group

Case No.

Saliva/blood proteins

Cross-linking and calcification

Bacterial infection

Inflammation

Innate immunity

A

Case 1

++

++

±

+

+

B

Case 2

++

+++

±

++

++

Case 3

++

++

±

++

++

Case 4

+++

++

±

++

+

C

Case 5

++

+

++

++

+

Case 6

++

++

+++

+

+

Case 7

+++

++

++

++

±

Case 8

+

+++

++

+++

±

A

Case 9 (Antrolith)

++

+

±

±

±

A

Case 10 (Tonsillolith)

++

+

±

±

+

C

Whole mixed

++

++

++

++

±

  1. ±: rare; +: mild; ++: moderate; +++: severe.