Fig. 2

Feature selection using the LASSO regression model. (A) Tenfold cross-validation was performed to identify the optimal penalization coefficient (lambda) for the LASSO model. (B) The plots illustrate the LASSO regression coefficients across a range of penalty parameter values. In our study, lambda.min was selected for its stricter penalty, which effectively mitigates overfitting. LASSO, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator.