Fig. 6
The molecular docking models of curcumin with the five molecular markers. (A) CTNNB1. (B) HIF1 A. (C) AREG. (D) VIM. (E) CASP9. (I) Cartoon representations showing the superimposed structures of curcumin and the corresponding protein targets. (II) Three-dimensional visualization of the binding pockets generated using Discovery Studio. Non-bonded interactions between receptor and ligand atoms are depicted as dashed lines in various colors. Bold lines highlight the ligand and receptor residues directly involved in binding, while lighter lines indicate surrounding residues forming the pocket. (III) Hydrogen bond interaction models: receptor residues acting as hydrogen bond donors are shown beneath pink surfaces, while acceptors are shown beneath cyan surfaces. (IV) Hydrophobic interaction models: the color gradient ranges from brown (indicating highly hydrophobic regions) to blue (indicating less hydrophobic regions). Green labels indicate amino acid three-letter codes and corresponding residue IDs.
