Table 4 Correlation coefficients in neighboring pixels before and after hashing the images.

From: A new digital watermarking model using honey encryption and reversible cellular automata

Before hashing

After hashing

Correlation coefficient

Image

0.8589

0.0485

Horizontal

Mandrill

0.8177

0.0142

Vertical

0.7393

0.0756

Diagonal

0.8415

0.0233

Horizontal

Boat

0.8113

0.0185

Vertical

0.7019

0.0218

Diagonal

0.8710

0.0279

Horizontal

Home

0.7967

0.0126

Vertical

0.7281

0.0042

Diagonal

0.8211

0.0015

Horizontal

Average

0.7925

0.0176

Vertical

0.8344

0.0052

Diagonal