Fig. 3

Air-puff-evoked responses in CnF and PPN neurons. (A) Fiber photometry recordings were done as in Fig. 1. Air puff was applied with a small air bulb on the back of the animal every 61.4 s ± 0.7 s (see Methods). (B–F) Calcium (Ca²⁺) responses evoked by air puffs in the CnF or PPN cells for example animals color-coded as in Fig. 1. Each line illustrates a trial. Air puff onset is indicated by a black vertical dotted line. Bottom, mean Z-scores ± SEM are illustrated. (G–L) Air puff-evoked mean Ca²⁺ response ± SEM (top) and locomotor speed ± SEM (bottom) obtained in each mouse (M) (2–4 series of 6–10 trials per animal). The number of mice (N) used is indicated. The colored rings illustrate the mean proportion of trials in which mice displayed a locomotor response defined as in Fig. 1 (See Methods). (M–R) Mean Ca²⁺ signal before (− 5 to 0 s), during (0 to 5 s) and after the air puff (5 to 10 s) (16–36 trials per animal; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, Student-Newman-Keuls test after a significant one-way repeated measures ANOVA; ⁺P < 0.05, Student-Newman-Keuls test after a significant Friedman ANOVA on ranks). (S–X) Comparison of mean Ca²⁺ signals in trials with or without a locomotor response during the 5 s following air puff (ns, not significant, *P < 0.05, paired t-test; mice without locomotor trials or without non-locomotor trials were excluded from the analysis).