Fig. 4
From: Corticothalamic feedback locally modulates network state
Low frequency CT stimulation temporally synchronizes spindles (a) Example 0.5 Hz (5 ms, 4 mW) stimulation trials of L6 corticothalamic cells during deep sleep. Increased spindling is apparent on both the wavelet spectrum (top) and the individual traces (bottom) of cortical LFP. The apparent paucity of delta power on the wavelet is due to the 1/f normalization. (b) Power spectra before (gray) and during (red) the stimulation during wake, light- deep-, and REM sleep epochs. Sham-corrected power spectra are shown in insets. Despite the increase in sigma power during deep sleep on the non-corrected spectrum (arrow), the sham corrected spectra reveal a lack of significant effect. (c) Relative sigma power during sham and real stimulation during deep sleep trials. Sigma power transiently increases after each CT stimulus but does not significantly differ from sham over the whole stimulus duration. Parts of the trace affected by stimulus artefacts are greyed out.
