Fig. 3

Maximal VMS on implants for the MIN-II, PFBN, ITN, and PFNA models in 31-A3.1 and 31-A3.3 fractures. VMS represents von Mises stress. MIN-II modified intramedullary nail-II, PFBN proximal femoral bionic nail, ITN InterTAN nail, PFNA proximal femoral nail antirotation.