Fig. 1
From: Efficient curve fitting with penalized B-splines for oceanographic and ecological applications
World map highlighting the Niño 4 region (left) and an enlarged view of observed drifter trajectories in the Niño 4 region (right). Maps were generated using RStudio (version 2024.12.0+467), R (version 4.4.1), and the rworldmap package (version 1.3.8) with the getMap function.
