Fig. 2
From: Efficient curve fitting with penalized B-splines for oceanographic and ecological applications

Wind wave (black arrow), Primary swell wave (blue arrow), and Secondary swell wave (purple arrow) corresponding to “April 5, 2020” (first row), “April 21, 2020” (second row), and “May 9, 2020” (third row), respectively, along with the ocean current direction (red arrow). Each arrow intuitively indicates the direction of the corresponding oceanographic element. The background represents the height of the wind or swell waves (unit: m).